Which agency is primarily responsible for customs enforcement?

The agency primarily responsible for customs enforcement is U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). This agency operates under the Department of Homeland Security and is tasked with overseeing and enforcing customs laws, regulations, and trade agreements at U.S. borders. CBP's role includes the inspection of goods, collection of tariffs, prevention of illegal smuggling, and the enforcement of trade laws to protect American consumers and businesses.

CBP also plays a critical role in national security by preventing the entry of illegal goods and monitoring trade compliance. Its personnel work at various points of entry, such as ports, airports, and border checkpoints, ensuring that all imports meet U.S. regulations and standards. This comprehensive enforcement function is essential for the integrity of the nation's borders and commerce.

In contrast, the other agencies listed do not have a primary focus on customs enforcement. The Federal Reserve is concerned with regulating the banking system and monetary policy. The International Trade Commission addresses trade issues and disputes but does so through a different mechanism than direct customs enforcement. The Food and Drug Administration is focused on protecting public health by regulating food and drug safety, not on customs operations. This delineation clearly establishes CBP as the primary agency for customs enforcement functions in the United States.